Europe 461: Elevation of Libius Severus

Political map of Europe & the Mediterranean on 19 Nov 461 (Fall of the Western Roman Empire: Elevation of Libius Severus), showing the following events: Escape of Marcellinus; Revolt of Aegidius; Revolt of Nepotianus; Reign of Libius Severus.

19 Nov 461 Elevation of Libius Severus Aug 462 Betrayal of Narbona

Ricimer’s execution of Majorian in August 461 led almost immediately to the collapse of Western Roman authority outside Italy, with Marcellinus in Dalmatia, Aegidius in Gaul, and Nepotianus in Hispaniae all leading their armies in revolt. Undeterred, Ricimer and the Roman Senate appointed the senator Libius Severus as the new Western Roman emperor in November.

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Main Events

461 Escape of Marcellinus

To assist in Majorian’s campaign against the Vandals in 460, the Dalmatia-based general Marcellinus was stationed in Sicily with his largely Hunnic army. In late 461, at about the same time that he overthrew Majorian, the powerful patrician Ricimer ordered his agents on the island to bribe Marcellinus’ Huns and successfully convinced most of them to defect. Fearing for his life, Marcelinus promptly withdrew to Dalmatia, where he began assembling a force to invade Italy and overthrow Ricimer. in wikipedia

461 Revolt of Aegidius

Angered at the execution of Majorian by the patrician Ricimer in late 461, Aegidius, Majorian’s magister militum per Gallias, rejected the authority of the incumbent Western Roman regime and prepared to invade Italy with his army in Gaul. He was supported by the Salian Franks and the Alans, but failed to convince either the Visigoths or Burgundians to side with him. His revolt marked the end of Roman government control in northern and central Gaul. in wikipedia

461 Revolt of Nepotianus

In 460–461, under Majorian, a Western Roman force led by Nepotianus had been campaigning alongside the Visigoths to recover western Hispaniae from the Suebi. When Majorian was executed in August 461, Nepotianus—like Marcellinus in Dalmatia and Aegidius in Gaul—turned against the Western Roman regime and effectively led his troops into rebellion. This marked the end of Roman government control in Iberia. in wikipedia

19 Nov 461–14 Nov 465 Reign of Libius Severus

After an interregnum of three months following the execution of Majorian, the powerful patrician Ricimer and the Roman Senate proclaimed the Lucanian senator Libius Severus as the new Western Roman emperor at Ravenna in November 461. Although Severus’ elevation was not recognized by either the Western Roman generals in command in Gaul, Spain, and Dalmatia, or by the Eastern Roman emperor Leo I, he managed to rule for four years until his death in Rome in 465. It is generally believed that Ricimer held most, if not all, of the real power during Severus’ reign. in wikipedia