The overthrow of King Charles X in...
When revolutions broke out in France...
In return for assisting the Ottoman...
After defeating the Ottoman Empire...
The 1832 Egyptian victory over the...
When King João VI of Portugal died...
Opposition to liberal reforms in...
In 1837 King William IV of the...
The Ottoman army attempted to...
The Egyptian rejection of the 1840...
By 1844 the French had consolidated...
In the early 1840s Switzerland was...