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the Arctic 1818
Treaty of 1818
Fighting between Britain and the United States came to an end in 1815, with the Allies defeating Napoleon later that ...
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Europe 1848
Truce of Malmö
In Northern Europe, international pressure persuaded Prussia and Denmark to bring an end to the First Schleswig War and sign ...
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Europe 1852
Second French Empire
While the King of Prussia was backing down in Germany, the ambitious French President Louis-Napoleon was consolidating power in France ...
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North America 1882
Apache Wars
The 1849 Mexican-American War had placed the Apache and other tribes of the southwest under US jurisdiction. Over the following ...
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the Arctic 1882
First International Polar Year
By the 1870s polar exploration was becoming increasingly nationalistic, but some realized that a coordinated approach involving multiple simultaneous expeditions ...
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the Arctic 1898
Klondike Gold Rush
On August 16, 1896, gold was discovered on the Yukon River, in the Klondike region of Canada's North-West Territories ...
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the Arctic 1905
Norwegian Independence
After more than ninety years of personal union, Norway split from Sweden in 1905. Despite initial tensions, war was averted ...
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Russia 1905
1905 Revolution
Dissatisfaction with the Tsarist government and its handling of the war with Japan resulted in unrest across Russia. Desperate for ...
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Europe 1906
Tangier Crisis
Germany viewed the Entente Cordiale as a threat and tried to exploit the tensions caused by the war between Russia ...
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the Arctic 1920
Far Eastern Republic
The Great War ended in November 1918 with an armistice with Germany, encouraging most of the Allies to also end ...
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Europe 1999
Kosovo War
Serb attempts at "ethnic cleansing" in Bosnia led to NATO intervention and the UN occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina. After this defeat ...