Europe, 31 Aug 1823
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Political map of Europe & the Mediterranean 31 August 1823 (Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis): The Spanish Revolution of 1820 (Trienio Liberal) made King Ferdinand VII (Ferdinand VII of Spain) a virtual prisoner of the liberal revolutionaries and created unrest in the countryside. Eventually the continental powers of Europe agreed to a French intervention (Congress of Verona) and in 1823 France invaded Spain in support of the king, restoring his absolutist rule (Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis).

Austrian
Empire

Egypt(semi-indep)

Spain(Fr. occ.)

Algiers(Ott. n. vas.)

Finland(to Rus.)

Norway(to Swed.)

Poland(to Rus.)

Tunis(Ott. n. vas.)

Anaza(Ott. suz.)

Baghdad(semi-indep)

Cyprus(Eg. adm.)

Hejaz(Eg. adm.)

Two
Sicilies(Aus. garr.)

Wallachia(Ott. vas.)

Faroe Is.(Den.)

Moldavia(Ott. vas.)

Ionian Is.(Br. prot.)

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