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the Arctic 1854
Opening of Japan
Across the Pacific, Japan had kept itself closed off from the world since the 17th century, restricting its contact with ...
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East Asia 1894
Donghak Peasant Revolution
In 1894, peasants and followers of the Donghak religious movement revolted against corrupt government officials in Korea. Alarmed, the Korean ...
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East Asia 1894
First Sino-Japanese War
The intervention of China and Japan in Korea helped bring the Donghak peasant rebellion to an abrupt end, but once ...
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East Asia 1895
Treaty of Shimonoseki
After defeating the Chinese in Korea in 1894, Japanese forces invaded China itself, occupying the Liaodong Peninsula and destroying the ...
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East Asia 1895
Triple Intervention and Taiwan
Japanese gains in the Treaty of Shimonoseki conflicted with Russian interests in northern China. Less than a week after the ...
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East Asia 1897
Philippine Revolution
Over the 19th century, increasing access to the outside world had led to the growth of revolutionary movements in the ...
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East Asia 1898
Far Eastern Crisis
When the Japanese defeated China in 1895, France, Germany, and Russia quickly pressured them to abandon most of their gains ...
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East Asia 1898
Spanish-American War
In response to American support of Cuban revolutionaries, Spain declared war on the United States in April 1898. However the ...
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East Asia 1898
Treaty of Paris
American gains in the Spanish-American War were confirmed at the Treaty of Paris, ceding Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and ...
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East Asia 1899
Philippine-American War
Philippine nationalists had helped the United States in its 1898 war with Spain. However, when the Americans won that war ...
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East Asia 1900
Boxer Rebellion
In response to the growing foreign domination of China, the isolationist Yihetuan movement - known in the west as Boxers - rose ...
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East Asia 1900
Battle of Peking
The Chinese Empire considered the Eight-Nation intervention to suppress the Boxer Rebellion a violation of its sovereignty and declared war ...
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East Asia 1901
Boxer Protocol
In August 1900, the Allies captured Peking, defeating the remnants of the Boxer Rebellion over the following year. Peace was ...
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East Asia 1902
Anglo-Japanese Alliance
During the Boxer Rebellion, Russia had occupied Manchuria. Suspicious of Russian intentions in the region and wary of its alliance ...
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East Asia 1904
Attack on Port Arthur
The 1902 Anglo-Japanese Alliance freed Japan from the fear of war with a coalition of European powers. Emboldened, they moved ...
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East Asia 1905
Russo-Japanese War
Japan swiftly overran Korea and southern Manchuria, capturing Port Arthur after a prolonged siege. In an attempt to gain naval ...
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East Asia 1907
Anglo-French Agreement on Siam
The Russo-Japanese War had threatened to embroil France and Britain, the allies of the two combatants. To preserve the peace ...
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East Asia 1911
Chinese Revolution
China had suffered endless humiliations since the mid 19th century, with the once powerful Qing dynasty unable to hold back ...
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East Asia 1912
Yuan Shikai and the Republic of China
The Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yatsen declared a republic in January 1912, but to avoid bloodshed he came to a ...
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East Asia 1913
Second Chinese Revolution
Although military strongman Yuan Shikai had been made provisional president of the new Republic of China to preserve peace, he ...