12 Jul–23 Aug 1943Soviet victory at Kursk
24–25 Jul 1943Mussolini arrested
24 Jul–3 Aug 1943Major Allied bombingraid on Hamburg
Aug–Sep 1943Soviets advanceto the Dnieper
3–17 Sep 1943Allies land in Italy
3 Sep 1943Italy surrenders to Allies.Germans occupy Italy
8 Sep–22 Nov 1943Allied landings inDodecanese fail