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Europe 1832
First Egyptian-Ottoman War
In return for assisting the Ottoman Empire in Greece, Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali - nominally an Ottoman governor - demanded he be ...
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Southern Asia 1914
Outbreak of the Great War
The end of July saw the outbreak of World War I in Europe, pitting Russia, France, and Britain against Germany ...
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Southern Asia 1914
Battle of Sarikamish
After beating off an initial Russian invasion, the Ottomans decided to mount their own offensive and invade the Russian Caucasus ...
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Southern Asia 1915
Persian Campaign
The Allies were already having difficulties with German-assisted Persian uprisings, now the ease with which the German expedition to Afghanistan ...
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Southern Asia 1916
Russian Invasion of Anatolia
With the British evacuating Gallipoli and in trouble at Kut, many Ottoman troops could now be sent to the Caucasus ...
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Southern Asia 1917
Mesopotamian Campaign
The securing of South Persia allowed the British to return their focus to Mesopotamia. In early 1917 they recaptured Kut ...
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Southern Asia 1920
Franco-Syrian War
At the end of World War I, Syria had been divided between the French on the coast and the Arabs ...
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Sub-Saharan Africa 1920
Africa and the Peace Treaties
Fighting continued in East Africa for a few days after the end of World War I in Europe, until news ...
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Southern Asia 1920
Treaty of Sèvres
The seizure of Arab Syria cemented France's claim to the region just in time for the Treaty of Sèvres ...
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Europe 1920
Treaty of Sevres
Ottoman Turkey was the last of the Central Powers to sign a treaty with the victorious Allies, surrendering much of ...
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Southern Asia 1921
Rise of Reza Khan
The growing power of Soviet Russia and the threat it posed to Persia, encouraged the British to support the overthrow ...
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Southern Asia 1922
Saudi Expansion
Since its foundation in 1902, the Saudi state in Nejd had grown to cover much of the Arabian interior. In ...
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Southern Asia 1922
Turkish Great Offensive
After their 1921 defeat of the Greek invasion at Sakarya, the Turks slowly gathered their forces for their counterattack. In ...
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Southern Asia 1922
Uqair Protocol
The continuing border clashes between the Saudi-allied Ikhwan of Nejd and the British dominated states of Iraq and Kuwait were ...
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Southern Asia 1923
Treaty of Lausanne
By 1923 the Turkish War of Independence was all but over, with the Allies abandoning their attempt to partition Anatolia ...
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Sub-Saharan Africa 1924
Anglo-Italian Convention
During World War I Britain and France had seized large territories from the defeated German and Ottoman empires, while their ...
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Southern Asia 1927
Treaty of Jeddah
In December 1925 the Saudis completed their conquest of Hejaz, creating the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd. In order to ...
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Southern Asia 1929
Ikhwan Revolt
The Saudi conquests in Arabia had been achieved with the support of the Ikhwan tribal armies, who wanted to go ...
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Southern Asia 1933
First East Turkestan Republic
In 1931 the warlord-ruled Chinese province of Xinjiang fell into civil war when the former khanate of Kumul revolted against ...
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Southern Asia 1941
Liquidation of Italian East Africa
The British conquest of Italian East Africa culminated with the Italian surrender of Addis Ababa on 6 April 1941. One ...