the Arctic, 31 Mar 1854: Opening of Japan
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Political map of the Arctic & the Far North on 31 Mar 1854 (Partitioning the North Pacific: Opening of Japan), showing the following events: Queen Charlottes Gold Rush; Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands; Perry Expedition; Anglo-French entry into Crimean War; Convention of Kanagawa.

Avg max
ice cover
Feb/Mar

Avg max
ice cover
Aug/Sep

Mar 1851–?? 1852Queen Charlottes
Gold Rush

?? 1853Colony of Queen
Charlotte Is. founded

Jul 1853Commodore
Perry forces
entry to Japan

27–28 Mar 1854France & Britain
declare war on
Russia

31 Mar 1854Japan signs Convention
of Kanagawa with US

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