North America, 22 Apr 1519: Cortés’ expedition to Mexico
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Political map of North America & the Caribbean on 22 Apr 1519 (Conquistadors: Cortés’ expedition to Mexico), showing the following events: Grijalva’s first expedition; Cortés’ expedition to Mexico; Hispaniola Smallpox Epidemic; Santa María de la Victoria; De Pineda’s expedition; Foundation of Veracruz.

Middle

Mississippian

G r e a t P l a i n s

p e o p l e s

C e n t r a l A l g o n q u i a n p e o p l e s

G r e a t B a s i n

p e o p l e s

Northwest

Plateau

Peoples

Pacific Northwest Coast
Peoples

Fernandina/
Cuba(Sp.)

C a l i f o r n i a p e o p l e s

N o r t h e r n
A t h a b a s k a n
p e o p l e s

Iroquois

Confederacy

Eastern Algonquian
peoples

Southwest
peoples

Viceroyalty of
The Indies(Sp.)

Castilla
de Oro(Sp.)

La Florida(Sp. claim)

Pueblo
villages

South

Appalachian

Mississippian

Santo
Domingo(Sp.)

V e n e z u e l a

C h i b c h a n

Veragua(Sp./Col. disp.)

New
Andalusia(Sp. claim)

San Juan
Bautista(Sp.)

Plaque-
mine
culture

Xoconochco(Aztec)

Sta. María de Guadalupe

La Bermuda(uninh.)

Once Mil
Virgenes

Sta. María de la Antigua

Nueva Toledo(Sp.)

Villa Rica
de la Vera Cruz(Sp/Cortés ctrl)

SM Victoria(Sp/Cortés)

Santa María
la Antigua
del Darién

Jan–?? 1518Grijalva explores
southern Gulf of Mexico

18 Nov 1518–22 Apr 1519Cortés leads expedition
from Cuba to Mexico

Dec 1518–May 1519Smallpox devastates
Taíno population
of Hispaniola

Mar 1519Cortés founds
Santa María de la Victoria

Mar 1519–Jan 1520De Pineda explores
northern Gulf of Mexico

22 Apr 1519Cortés founds
Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz

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